Convergence of Energy Intensity of the Export of Goods by Rail Transport: Linkages with the Spatial Integration and Economic Condition of Countries

This article concerns the identification of connections between energy intensity rail transport and spatial integration (convergence processes in EU proximity) economic situation countries that are international export–import trade relations. Three research questions formulated article: (1) Does improvement importing country reduce Polish export goods by to partner country? (2) contribute reducing transport? (3) Is there a positive effect (convergence) study concerned 14 geographical destinations (export from Poland) during years 2010–2020. A comprehensive convergence was used building (club) type β model using an unconventional method (panel stationarity analysis). It has been verified is exportation countries. The rate 8.66% per year, while period after which this will be halfway initial state long-term equilibrium point 8 years.